Croatia

Kings of Croatia

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Contents

Earliest history

The details of the arrival of the Croats are scarcely documented.

c. 626 Croats migrate from White Croatia (around what is now Galicia) at the invitation of Eastern Roman Emperor Heraclius.

c. 641 – c. 689 Radoslav converts Croatia to Christianity.

Dukes of Croatia

There were parallel dukes of the Pannonian Croatia and of the Littoral Croatia (Dalmatian Croatia)
Dukes of the Pannonian Croatia Dukes of the Littoral Croatia (Dalmatian Croatia)
Name Reign Notes
Vojnomir c. 790 - c. 800 / 791 - c. 810
Ljudevit Posavski 810 - 823
Ratimir 829 - 838
Braslav 880 - c. 887
Name Reign Notes
Radoslav ... - ...
Kuber ... - ...
Porga or Borko 660 - 680
Budimir 740 - 785
Višeslav 785 - 802
Borna 810 – 821 Vassal of Frankish Emperor Charlemagne; son of Višeslav
Vladislav January 821 - 835 son of Klonimir
Mislav 835 - 845
Trpimir I 845 - 864 Founder of the Trpimirović dynasty
Zdeslav 864 son of Trpimir I
Domagoj 864 - 876 overthrows his cousin Zdeslav
Iljko ? 876 – 878 Iljko's name is disputed, it is only known that he was a son of Domagoj, killed during a civil war
Zdeslav 878 - May 879 restored
Branimir 879 - 892 son of Domagoj
Muncimir 892 - 900 son of Trpimir

Kings of Croatia

In 925, Pope John X crowned Tomislav, making him King of Croatia and Dalmatia

Name Reign Notes
Duke Tomislav – after 925 King Tomislav c.910 - 11 March 928 Probably son of Mutimir. Croatian state reaches greatest extent, includes Croatia, Slavonia, much of Dalmatia, and Bosnia. Crowned King by Pope John X in 925. After his death civil wars weakened the state and some territory, including Bosnia, was lost.
Trpimir II 11 March 928 - 935 Younger brother of Tomislav
Krešimir I the Old 935 - 945 Son of Trpimir II
Miroslav of Croatia 945 - 949 Son of Kresimir I
Mihajlo Krešimir II 949 - 969 Younger brother of Miroslav. Croatian Kingdom regains previously lost territories, including Bosnia. He ruled together wit his wife Queen Jelena of Zadar.
Stjepan Držislav 969 - 997 Son of Michael Kresimir II
Queen Jelena of Zadar 969 - 8 November 975 As a regent for Stjepan Držislav
Svetoslav Suronja 997 - 1000 Son of Stephen Držislav
Krešimir III 997 - 1030 Younger brother of Svetoslav Suronja
Gojslav of Croatia 997 - 1020 Younger brother of Svetoslav Suronja
Stjepan I 1030 - 1058 Son of Krešimir III
Peter Krešimir IV the Great 1058 - 1074 Son of Stjepan I. During his reign Croatian Kingdom reached its peak.
Slavic ? 1074 - 1075 Still disputed by historians, he may be elected by Croatian nobles and struggled with Dmitar Zvonimir
Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia 1075 - 1089 Cousin of Petar Krešimir IV. c. 1063 marries Princess Helena Ilona (Croatian: Jelena) Lijepa, daughter of King Bela I of Hungary. Helena may be joint ruler.
Stjepan II 1089 - December 1090 Son of Castimir, who was younger brother of Petar Krešimir IV.
Queen Jelena the Beautiful 1090 - 1091  
Slavac ? 1090–1093 Dalmatian rival. Disputed by many historians.
Ladislaus I of Hungary 1091–1092 Son of Hungarian king Bela I and brother of Croatian Queen Jelena Lijepa
Duke Álmos 1091 - 1093 Nephew of Ladislaus, rules as his proxy.
Petar Svačić 1093 - 1097 Elected by Croatian nobles. Struggles with Hungary for control of Croatia. From 1097 onwards, the Kings of Hungary were also Kings of Croatia, because of the political union of the two states.
Coloman of Hungary 1102 Battle of Gvozd Mountain (modern Petrova Gora). Coloman, supported by Pannonian Croats, defeats an army of Croatian and Dalmatian nobles allied to Petar. Recognized as King of Croatia by a council (Sabor) of Croatian nobles.
Croatia Ruled by Kings of Hungary (1102-1918)

From 1102, the reigning King of Hungary is ruler of Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and Dalmatia in agreement with the Croatian nobles. Croatia is governed on his behalf by a Ban (viceroy) and a Sabor.

For Kings of Croatia in this period see List of Hungarian rulers

Bans of Croatia
Name Dates Notes
Ugra 1102 - c. 1105 Governs on behalf of Coloman of Hungary
Sergije c. 1105 Governs on behalf Coloman of Hungary
Ugrin, archbishop of Kalocsa 1107 Governs on behalf of Coloman of Hungary
Klaudije 1116 - 1117
Aleksije or Dominik c. 1130 - c. 1141
Beloš Vukanović 1142 - 1158 Son of Uroš I of Rascia of the House of Vukanović-Urošević.
He is dux and comes palatinus of Kingdom of Hungary, he rules the kingdom with his sister, Helena, since his nephew and heir Geza II is a minor.
Arpa 1158
Beloš Vukanović 1163 Second rule.
Ampudin 1164 - 1180
Mavro or Dionizije c.1180 - 1183
Suban 1183 - 1185
Kálán 1190 - 1193
Dominik 1193 - 1195
Andrija 1198 - 1199
Nikola + Branko or Benedikt 1199 - 1200
Martin Hontpázmán 1202 - 1203
Hipolit 1204
Merkurije 1205 - 1206
Stjepan Mihaljević 1206 - 1208
Banko 1208 - 1209
Bertold Andechs VII Meranski 1209 - 1211 (b. 1282 - d. 1251)
Mihajlo 1211 - 1213
Ðula Šikloški (Gyula of Siklós) 1213
Ohuz or Okić 1214 - 1215
Ivan 1215 - 1216
Poža 1216 - 1217
Bank 1217 - 1218
Ðula Šikloški (Gyula of Siklós) 1218 - 1219
Ohuz or Okić 1219 - 1220
Šalamon c. 1222 - c. 1225
Mihajlo or Aladár 1225
thirty-two recorded bans 1225–1476 ruling only over "Dalmatia" and (central) "Croatia"
fifty-two recorded bans 1225–1476 ruling only over "The Whole of Slavonia"
Matej Čak 1272 - 1273 ruling over "Dalmatia and Croatia"
Pavao Šubić Bribirski 1273 - 1312 ruling over "Dalmatia and Croatia"
Nikola Omedejev (son of Amade Aba) 1272 - 1273 ruling over "Dalmatia and Croatia"
Nikola I Lacković 1342–1343
Nikola Bánffy of Lendava 1345–1346
Nikola Széchy 1346–1349
Pavao Ugal 1350
Stjepan I Lacković 1350–1352
Nikola Bánffy of Lendava 1353–1356 second term
Mirko (Emmeric) Lacković 1368
Stjepan II Lacković 1371–1372
Stjepan II Lacković 1382–1386 second term
Henry Lacković 1383
John of Palisna or Ivan de Paližna 1385-1386 & 1389 Co-Ruled with relative Ivan (John) Anjou Horvat de Radics (1385,1386,1387)
Stjepan Tvrtko I 1390 – March 10, 1391 Proclaimed himself a King of Croatia by right of inheritance and conquest of Dalmatia
Ivan Frankopan of Krk 1391–1393 (died 1393)
Nikola Gorjanski 1397–1402
Ladislav Grdevacki 1402–1404
Pavao Besenyő 1404
Pavao Pecz 1404–1406
Ladislav Grdevacki 1402–1404
Hermann II of Celje 1406–1408
Dionizije IV Lacković 1416–1418
1423–1435 Slavonia only
Nikola Frankopan (died 1432) Son of John Frankopan
Matko Talovac 1435–1445 Ban of Slavonia
Friedrick II and Ulrich II of Celje, opposed by Frank Talovac 1445–1454 Croatia-Dalmatia only
Ivan Hunyadi 1446–1450 Croatia-Dalmatia only
László Hunyadi 1454–1455 Croatia-Dalmatia only
co-Ban Nikola Frankopan 1456–1458 Son of Ban Nikola Frankopan.
Mirko (Emeric) Zapoljski 1464–1465
Ivan Thuz of Lak 1466–1467
Blaž Madar Podmanicki 1470–1472
Damjan Horvat 1472–1473
Andrija Bánffy of Lendava 1476–1477
Ladislav of Egervár 1477–1481
Stjepan Frankopan (died 1481) Son of co-Ban Nicholas Frangepan
Blaž Madar Podmanicki 1482
Matija Gereb 1483–1489
Ladislav of Egervár 1489–1493
Emerik (Mirko) Derencin 1493 known from the Battle of Krbava field
Ivan Bot 1493
Ladislav Kaniški 1493–1495
Ivaniš Korvin 1495–1498
Juraj Kaniški 1498–1499
Ivan Korvin 1499–1504
Franjo Balassa of Gyarmat 1505
Andrija Bot 1505–1507
Marko Mišljenović 1506–1507
Ivan Ernust of Čakovec 1508–1509
Juraj Kaniški 1508–1509
Andrija Bot 1510–1511
Mirko (Emeric) Perényi 1512–1513
Petar Berislavić 1513–1520
Ivan Karlović (Johann Torquatus) of Krbava (Corbavia) 1521–1524
Ivan Tahy 1525
Franjo Baćan (Batthyány) 1525–1527
Habsburg dynasty rules Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia (formally autonomus part of Hungary) (1527–1848)
Krsto (Christopher) Frankopan (Frangepan) 1527 (died 1527) Grandson of Ban Stephen Frankopan
Ivan Karlović (Johann Torquatus) of Krbava (Corbavia) 1527–1531 (died 1531) Married Jelena (Ilona) Zrinski
Simon Erdődy with... 1530–1534  
Louis Pekry of Petrovina 1532–1537  
Tamás Nádasdy opposed by... 1537–1542  
Petar Keglević of Buzin 1537–1542  
Nikola Šubić Zrinski 1542–1556 (born 1508, died 1566) 1543 married Katalin Frangepan, daughter of Ban Christopher Frangepan
Petar Erdődy of Monyorokerek 1557–1567  
Lucas Zekel of Ormosd 1567  
Juraj Drašković with... 1567–1575  
Fran Frankopan (Frangepan) of Slunj and then... 1567–1573  
Gašpar Alapić (Alapy) of Veliki Kalnik (Nagy-Kemle) 1574–1575  
Krsto Ungnad of Sonneg 1576–1583  
Toma Erdődy of Monyorokerek (Eberau) 1583–1595  
Gašpar Stankovački 1595–1596  
Ivan II Drašković of Trakošćan 1596–1606 (born 1550, died 1613)
Toma Erdödy 1608–1615  
Benedikt Thuroczy 1615–1616  
vacant 1616–1617  
Nikola Frankopan of Tržac 1617–1622  
Juraj V Zrinski 1622–1626  
Žigmund (Sigismund) Erdödy 1627–1639  
Ivan III Drašković 1639–1646  
Nikola VII Zrinski 1647-1664ign (born 1620, died 1664)
Petar Zrinski 1665–1670  
Nikola Erdödy 1671–1693  
Adam Baćan (Batthyány) August 26, 1693 - September 7, 1703  
Ivan Pálffy January 24, 1704 - February 17, 1732  
Ivan V Drašković February 17, 1732 - January 4, 1733 (died 1733)
Josip Eszterházy of Galanta August 13, 1733 - June 25, 1741  
György Branyng 1741–1742  
Karlo Baćan (Batthyány) March 16, 1743 - July 6, 1756  
Franjo Leopold Nádasdy opposed by... 1756–1783  
Franjo Fauszty 1757- ?  
Franjo Eszterházy opposed by... 1783–1785  
Franjo Szechenyi 1783–1785  
Franjo Balassa of Gyarmat 1785–1790  
Ivan Erdödy 1790 - March 30, 1806  
Ignaz Gyulai von Máros-Nemethy und Nádaska 1806–1831  
Franjo Vlašić February 10, 1832 - May 16, 1840  
Juraj Haulik 1840 - June 16, 1842 Acting Ban
Franjo Haller of Hallerkeö/Hallerstein June 16, 1842–1845  
Juraj Haulik 1845 - March 23, 1848 Acting Ban
Croatia a Habsburg crown territory (formally part of Hungary) (1849–1867)
Josip Jelačić of Bužim March 23, 1848 - May 19, 1859 (born 1801, died 1859)
Ivan Coronini-Kronberg July 28, 1859 - June 19, 1860  
Josip Šokčević June 19, 1860 - June 27, 1867 (born 1811, died 1896)
Croatia returned to Hungarian control (1867–1918)
In 1867, Habsburg Empire reconstituted as the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Levin Rauch June 27, 1867 - January 26, 1871 (acting to December 8, 1868) (born 1819, died 1890)
Koloman Bedeković Komorski January 26, 1871 - February 12, 1872 (born 1818, died 1889)
Eugen Kvaternik October 8, 1871 - October 11, 1871 (born 1825, died 1871) (in rebellion, at Rakovica)
Antun Vakanović February 17, 1872 - September 20, 1873 Acting Ban; (born 1808, died 1894)
Ivan Mažuranić September 20, 1873 - February 21, 1880 (born 1814, died 1890)
Ladislav Pejačević February 21, 1880 - September 4, 1883 (born 1824, died 1901)
Hermann Ramberg September 4, 1883 - December 1, 1883 Acting Ban; (born 1820, died 1899)
Dragutin Karoly Khuen-Héderváry December 4, 1883 - June 27, 1903 (born 1849, died 1918)
Teodor Pejačević July 1, 1903 - June 26, 1907 (born 1855, died 1928)
Aleksandar Rakodczaj June 26, 1907 - January 8, 1908 (born 1848, died 1924)
Pavao Rauch of Nyek January 8, 1908 - February 5, 1910 (born 1865, died 1933)
Nikola Tomašić February 5, 1910 - January 19, 1912 (born 1864, died 1918)
Slavko Cuvaj January 19, 1912 - July 21, 1913 (acting from April 5, 1912) (born 1851, died 1931)
Ivan Skerlecz July 21, 1913 - June 29, 1917 (acting to November 27, 1913) (born 1873, died 1951)
Antun Mihalović June 29, 1917 - January 20, 1919 (born 1868, died 1949)
Croatia incorporated into the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)
Following a brief period of self-rule, becomes part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes under the Karađorđević dynasty.
Ivan Paleček January 20, 1919 - November 24, 1919  
Tomislav Tomljenović November 24, 1919 - February 22, 1920  
Matko Laginja February 22, 1920 - December 11, 1920 (born 1852, died 1930)
Teodor Bošnjak December 23, 1920 - March 2, 1921 acting Ban
Tomislav Tomljenović March 2, 1921 - July 3, 1921  
Croatia in Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1939)
In 1929, the new Constitution of the Kingdom renamed it Yugoslavia and split up Croatia between several banovinas (provinces).
Bans of the Sava Banovina
Bans of the Littoral Banovina
Name Reign
Josip Silović October 3, 1929 - 19..
Ivo N. Perović 19.. - 1935
Marko Kostrenčić 1935–1936
Viktor Ružić 1936 - 26 August 1939
Name Reign
Ivo Tartaglia 1929 - June 1932
Josip Jablanović 1932–1935
Mirko Buić 1935 - 26 August 1939
Banovina of Croatia in Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1939–1941)

In 1939 Banovina of Croatia was created with Cvetković-Maček agreement as a unit of limited autonomy. It consisted of Sava and Littoral Banovina along with smaller parts of Vrbas, Zeta, Drina and Danube Banovina's
Ivan Šubašić August 26, 1939 - April 10, 1941 (born May 7, 1892, died March 22, 1955)

Modern times

Independent State of Croatia

1941 - 1945: the Nazi-puppet Independent State of Croatia was formed by the Axis powers on occupied Yugoslav territory, and was ruled by the Ustaše party led by Ante Pavelić. In May 1941 this state was made a formal kingdom (by agreement between Ante Pavelić and Benito Mussolini). Italian Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta was formally named as the king-designate under the name "Tomislav II", but refused to assume the kingship, was never crowned, never ruled, and formally abdicated in 1943.

See also

Croatia portal
Austria-Hungary portal

References

  1. ^ Opća Enciklopedija Jugoslavenskog Leksikografskog Zavoda, Zagreb, 1982
  2. ^ a b Catholic Encyclopedia
  3. ^ [1]
  4. ^ http://www.encarta.com.au/encyclopedia_761577939_6/Croatia.html

External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Croatia#Kings_of_Croatia"


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