Littoral Croatia
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Littoral Croatia (Croatian: Primorska Hrvatska) or Dalmatian Croatia (Croatian: Dalmatinska Hrvatska) is a name for a region of what used to be a medieval Croatian principality. Throughout its time, the duchy had several capital cities, namely Klis, Solin, Biograd, Knin and Nin, comprised the littoral part of today's Croatia (which confirms the name Littoral Croatia, although included big part of hinterland), and had Trpimirovići as the ruling dynasty.
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Geography
With the defined Littoral Croatia, some other states, which are sometimes (by the Byzantines) called sklavinije (sqlaviniah), were settled along the Adriatic coast. First to note Pagania (also called Neretvanian state), which stretched from the river Cetina till' Neretva; it had the islands of Brač, Hvar, Korčula, Mljet, Vis and Lastovo. On the Southern part of Dalmatia, there was Zahumlje (Zachumlia), Travunia and Dioclea (today Montenegro). The central part of the Littoral state consisted partially of Bosnia. North of the state there was the Pannonian state (simply regarded just as Pannonia).
History
Early
In the 9th century, Croatia emerged as a constitutional entity with a duke (also knyaz or prince) as a head of state, territorially in the basins of the rivers Cetina, Krka and Zrmanja. It was administered in 11 župa (Županije) divisions.
The earliest recorded prince, pointed out by the Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, was Porga, who was believed to be invited into Dalmatia by the Byzantium Emperor Heraclius.
| “ | „From that point on, they were independent, and demanded to be baptised from the bishop of Rome, and was sent to them to be baptised in the time of their duke Porga. Their land was divided in 11 županija (administrative division) which are: Hlebiana, Tzenzena, Emota, Pleba, Pesenta, Parathalassia, Brebere, Nona, Tnena, Sidraga, Nina, and their ban (boanos) has Kribasan, Litzan, Goutzeska“ | ” |
Trpimir I
Duke Mislav was succeeded around 845 by Trpimir I, who continued the legacy of being the vassal of the Frankish king Lothair (840–855, although he managed to strengthen his rule in Croatia. Arabian campaigns thoroughly weakened the Byzantine Empire and Venice, which was used in the advance of the Croatian prince in 846 and 848. Between 854 and 860, he successfully defended his land from the Bulgarian invasion, and defeated them finally in eastern Bosnia.
In a Latin charter (saved in a rewrite from 1568, and according to newer research the estimated year of the document is 840), Trpimir refers to himself as the dux Croatorum iuvatus munere divino (prince of Croatia with the help of God), where his land is called regnum Croatorum. In Latin, it literally means "Croat Kingdom", but can simply be interpreted as the land of the Croats, which is the only possible meaning, since the theory of an early kingdom is largely disputed. This charter also provides a description about his ownership of castle Klis, from where his rule was centered. He is more expressly remembered as the founder of the House of Trpimirović, which was the first and the only native dynasty throughout the history of the Croats.
See also
Sources
- Rudolf Horvat, Povijest Hrvatske I. (od najstarijeg doba do g. 1657.), Zagreb 1924.
- Nada Klaić, Povijest Hrvata u ranom srednjem vijeku, Zagreb 1975.